Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Regeneration Research Articles

Shilajit Boosts Osteogenic Ability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regeneration of Rat Bone Defect

Shilajit Boosts Osteogenic Ability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regeneration of Rat Bone Defect

Comparison Capacity of Collagen Hydrogel and Collagen/Strontium Bioglass Nanocomposite Scaffolds With and Without mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regeneration of Critical Sized Bone Defect in a Rabbit Animal Model.

Bone self-healing is limited and requires additional or external intervention to promote and accelerate bone regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential capacity of hydrogel collagen (Co) nanocomposite alone, and in combination with 2% strontium (Co/BGSr2%) in presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in full-thickness bone defect regeneration in the rabbit animal model. A total of 72 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided in 6 groups of 12 rabbits with full-thickness bone defect. In five groups, the bone defect was treated with MSC, Co, Co/BGSr2%, Co + MSCs, and Co/BGSr2% + MSCs. No treatment was done in the control group. The treatments were assessed radiographically, histopathologically, and immunohistochemically on days 14, 28, 42, and 56 post-treatment. The highest radiographical and histological scores were belonged to the Co/BGSr2% + MSC followed by Co + MSCs, Co/BGSr2%, Co, MSC, and the control groups. The highest and lowest mean expression level of osteocalcin was detected in the Co/BGSr2% + MSC and control groups by 28th dayof post-implantation, respectively. In contrast, the highest and lowest mean expression level of osteocalcin on day 56 post-implantation was belonged to the control and Co/BGSr2% + MSC, respectively. The Co/BGSr2% nanocomposite scaffold seeded with MSC can accelerate bone regeneration resulted from osteoblastic production of osteocalcin protein. Therefore, collagen hydrogel combined with 2% strontium in nanocomposite form is a suitable candidate scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Gingival mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative source to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in regeneration of bone defects: In vivo study

Healing of critical sized bone defects represents a challenging issue in clinical and research fields. Current therapeutic techniques, such as bone grafts or bone grafts substitutes, still have limitations and drawbacks. Therefore, stem cell-based therapy provides a prospective approach to enhance bone regeneration. The present study aimed to assess the regenerative capacity of Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) as well as Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) loaded on NanoBone scaffold, in comparison to the unloaded one, in surgically created bone defects in rabbits' tibiae. To achieve this aim, critical sized bone defects, of 6-mm diameter each, were unilaterally created in tibiae of adult New Zeeland male white rabbits (n = 27). The rabbits were then divided randomly into three groups (9 each) and received the following: Group I: Unloaded NanoBone Scaffold, Group II: GMSCs Loaded on NanoBone Scaffold, and Group III: BMSCs Loaded on NanoBone Scaffold. Three rabbits from each group were then sacrificed at each time point (2, 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively), tibiae were dissected out to evaluate bone healing in the created bony defects; both histologically and histomorphometrically. The findings of this study indicate that both GMSCs and BMSCs exhibited fibroblast morphology and expressed phenotypic MSCs markers. Histologically, local application of GMSCs and BMSCs loaded on NanoBone scaffold showed enhanced the pattern of bone regeneration as compared to the unloaded scaffold. Histomorphometrically, there was astatistically insignificant difference in the new bone area % between the bony defects treated with GMSCs and BMSCs. Thus, GMSCs can be considered as a comparable alternative source to BMSCs in bone regeneration.

APPLICATION OF CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES FOR REGENERATION OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN EXPERIMENT

A promising scope of modern scientific research is the use of autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for regeneration of periodontal tissues. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature of morphological changes in the pathologically altered periodontal tissues after injection of a biotransplant containing mesenchymal stem cells of the adipose tissue immobilized on a collagen carrier in an animal experiment. In the experiment, 60 randobbred females of white rats were used as a model, whose adipose tissue was taken to obtain allogenic mesenchymal stem cells. All animals were divided into 5 groups, depending on the planned method of treatment – 10 rats each. The control group consisted of 10 laboratory animals with healthy gingiva. The experimental gingival recession model was created by the V-shaped excision of periodontal tissues. The bioplastic collagen material “Collost” gel 7 % in isolated form determines the fibrosis intensification and serves as a “matrix” for the formation of a fibrous tissue, ensures the adhesion of stem cells and their transformation into pro- and fibroblasts. Injection of a cell transplant suspension into physiological saline activates the processes of cell proliferation and transformation of fibroblast differentiating cells. Suspension of the cell transplant on a sterile bioplastic collagen material “Collost” gel 7 % enhances the effects of gel and stem cells, promotes the leveling of atrophic and dystrophic changes in the gum, strengthening a mechanical component, reducing the recession of the gum and the depth of the gingival pocket.

Therapeutic potential of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in regeneration of gastric ulcer in rats

Therapeutic potential of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in regeneration of gastric ulcer in rats

Presenting a Method to Improve Bone Quality Through Stimulation of Osteoporotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Low-Level Laser Therapy.

This review aims to present a method to improve bone quality through stimulation of osteoporotic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone strength, which results in an increased incidence of bone fractures. These fractures often lead to additional disability and mortality. Osteoporotic MSCs have reduced osteogenic differentiation when cultured in their standard differentiation media. LLLT has a biostimulatory effect on fibroblasts and osteoblasts. MSCs have the ability to generate cells of connective tissue lineages, which includes the bones. Recently, transplantation of in vitro cultured bone marrow (BM) MSCs into sites at risk for development of osteoporotic bone has resulted in improved bone structure. Comprehensive research was performed using PubMed, and biostimulatory effect of LLLT on bony cells and MSCs were studied. LLLT can stimulate growth, proliferation, and differentiation of SCs in vitro and in vivo. This ability of LLLT is an essential prerequisite for performing experiments related to disease control in humans. Thus, laser-treated osteoporotic autologous BMMSCs may represent a promising therapeutic method to protect the bones in patients with OP and prevent fractures in these patients. Therefore, researchers hypothesize that transplantation of in vitro laser-treated autologous cultured osteoporotic BMMSCs that have the appropriate osteogenic phenotype into sites at risk for development of osteoporotic bone may result in improved bone structure. In this respect, investigators have successfully used LLLT to restore autologous osteoporotic MSCs in vitro. Subsequently, these cells have been differentiated into osteoblast cell lines with the use of laser treatment after which they were transplanted into osteoporotic animal models. This technique might improve bone quality and structure. However, additional research must be undertaken to understand the underlying mechanisms of this treatment, validate its effectiveness, and assess the feasibility for clinical application of LLLT to treat MSCs in regeneration of osteoporotic bone.

Mesenchymal stem cells and differentiated insulin producing cells are new horizons for pancreatic regeneration in type I diabetes mellitus

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus has become the third human killer following cancer and cardiovascular disease. Millions of patients, often children, suffer from type 1 diabetes (T1D). Stem cells created hopes to regenerate damaged body tissues and restore their function. AimThis work aimed at clarifying and comparing the therapeutic potential of differentiated and non-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new line of therapy for T1D. Methods40 Female albino rats divided into group I (control): 10 rats and group II (diabetic), III and IV, 10 rats in each, were injected with streptozotocin (50mg/kg body weight). Group III (MSCs) were transplanted with bone marrow derived MSCs from male rats and group IV (IPCs) with differentiated insulin producing cells. Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were taken from all rats for biochemical and histological studies. ResultsMSCs reduced hyperglycemia in diabetic rats on day 15 while IPCs normalizes blood glucose level on day 7. Histological and morphometric analysis of pancreas of experimental diabetic rats showed improvement in MSCs-treated group but in IPCs-treated group, β-cells insulin immunoreactions were obviously returned to normal, with normal distribution of β-cells in the center and other cells at the periphery. Meanwhile, most of the pathological lesions were still detected in diabetic rats. ConclusionMSCs transplantation can reduce blood glucose level in recipient diabetic rats. IPCs initiate endogenous pancreatic regeneration by neogenesis of islets. IPCs are better than MSCs in regeneration of β-cells. So, IPCs therapy can be considered clinically to offer a hope for patients suffering from T1D.

Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Regeneration: Tissue Specificity and Regenerative Potential.

It has always been an ambitious goal in medicine to repair or replace morbid tissues for regaining the organ functionality. This challenge has recently gained momentum through considerable progress in understanding the biological concept of the regenerative potential of stem cells. Routine therapeutic procedures are about to shift towards the use of biological and molecular armamentarium. The potential use of embryonic stem cells and invention of induced pluripotent stem cells raised hope for clinical regenerative purposes; however, the use of these interventions for regenerative therapy showed its dark side, as many health concerns and ethical issues arose in terms of using these cells in clinical applications. In this regard, adult stem cells climbed up to the top list of regenerative tools and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) showed promise for regenerative cell therapy with a rather limited level of risk. MSC have been successfully isolated from various human tissues and they have been shown to offer the possibility to establish novel therapeutic interventions for a variety of hard-to-noncurable diseases. There have been many elegant studies investigating the impact of MSC in regenerative medicine. This review provides compact information on the role of stem cells, in particular, MSC in regeneration.

Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regeneration of Cleft Lip and Alveolus: A Review of Literature

Congenital abnormalities are worldwide major health problem. One of these abnormalities is; cleft lip and palate. Such a condition when occur, it can affect the child and provoke physiological and psychological consequences. One of the desired and sparkling line of treatment is stem cells engineering. There are many different types of stem cells. The most popular stem cells used in craniofacial treatment are; bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). Although both showed positive results, still there are few comparative studies that evaluate the effectiveness of AT-MSCs over BM-MSCs. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of stem cells and their clinical uses, and to compare the effectiveness of BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs in cleft lip and alveolus patients. Electronic search of English scientific papers from 2000 to 2017 was accomplished using PubMed, Cochrane Database and Google Scholar search engines. The following search terms used were, Cleft Lip and Palate, Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Clinical Applications in Dentistry, Animal Studies. Stem cells offer a new era for craniofacial reconstruction. Both of adipose and bone marrow derived stem cells show effective results in the level of restoring function and esthetic. However, the AT-MSCs were easier to obtain without any harm to the patients.

Autogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Vertebral Body Enhance Intervertebral Disc Regeneration via Paracrine Interaction: An in Vitro Pilot Study.

Several in vivo studies have found that transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into degenerative intervertebral discs (IVDs) leads to regeneration of disc cells. Since the exact underlying mechanisms are not understood, we investigated the mechanisms of action of MSCs in regeneration of degenerative IVDs via paracrine actions. Human MSCs and degenerative disc cells from the same donor vertebrae were directly or indirectly cocultured. The multidifferentiation potential, cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and mRNA expression levels were assessed. The proliferation rates of MSCs and degenerative disc cells were higher in the coculture system than in the monolayer cultures or in the conditioned medium of each cell type. During coculturing with nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, mRNA expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components aggrecan, versican (VCAN), SOX9, and type II and type VI collagen was significantly increased in MSCs, whereas mRNA expression for type V collagen was increased in MSCs cocultured with annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. In addition, the accumulation of total ECM collagen was greater in cocultured degenerative disc cells than in monocultured cells. During coculturing, MSCs downregulated the expression levels of various proinflammatory cytokine genes in degenerative NP [interleukin-1α ( IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α)] and AF cells ( IL-1α and IL-6), which are involved in the degradation of ECM molecules. In association with the trophic effect of MSCs on degenerative disc cells, upregulation of growth factor mRNA expression was shown in MSCs cocultured with degenerative NP cells [epidermal growth factor ( EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1), osteogenic protein-1 ( OP-1), growth and differentiation factor-7 ( GDF-7), and transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β)] or degenerative AF cells ( IGF-1, OP-1, and GDF-7). In terms of MSC-based clinical approaches to IVD regeneration, implanting MSCs into a degenerative IVD may both stimulate MSC differentiation into an NP- or AF-like phenotype and stimulate the biological activation of degenerative disc cells for self-repair.

The potential of chondrogenic pre-differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for regeneration in harsh nucleus pulposus microenvironment.

Recent studies indicated that cell-based therapy could be a promising approach to treat intervertebral disc degeneration. Though the harsh microenvironment in disc is still challenging to implanted cells, it could be overcome by pre-conditioning graft cells before transplantation, suggested by previous literatures. Therefore, we designed this study to identify the potential effect of chondrogenic pre-differentiation on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in intervertebral disc-like microenvironment, characterized by limited nutrition, acidic, and high osmosis invitro. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells of rat were divided into five groups, embedded in type II collagen scaffold, and cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium for 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. Then, the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were implanted and cultured in intervertebral disc-like condition. The proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 test, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Analyzed by the first week in intervertebral disc-like condition, the results showed relatively greater proliferative capability and extracellular matrix synthesis ability of the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells pre-differentiated for 7 and 10 days than the control. We concluded that pre-differentiation of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in chondrogenic culture medium for 7 to 10 days could promote the regeneration effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in intervertebral disc-like condition, and the pre-differentiated cells could be a promising cell source for disc regeneration medicine.

OP061: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for regeneration of irradiation-induced salivary gland damage

Cell-based therapy has been reported to repair or restore damaged salivary gland (SG) tissues after irradiation. This study was aimed at determining whether systemic administration of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs) could ameliorate radiation-induced SG damage following irradiation. External irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy was administered to neck fields of C3H mice. Mice were administered with hAdMSCs through the tail vein immediately after irradiation, and this infusion was repeated once a week for three consecutive weeks. The administration of hAdMSCs had improved SFR at 12 weeks after irradiation. hAdMSC-transplanted SGs showed fewer damaged and atrophied acinar cells compared with the irradiated untreated group. TUNEL and PCNA assays revealed fewer apoptotic cells and increased proliferative indices in the hAdMSC group compared with the irradiated group. The injected hAdMSCs were detected in the transplanted SGs 4 weeks after transplantation. Transdifferentiation of hAdMSCs into acinar or ductal cells in vivo was also observed. This study suggests that hAdMSCs have the potential for protection against irradiation-induced cell loss as well as for transdifferentiation into salivary epithelial cells. hAdMSCs could be a candidate for cell-based therapy for restoration of radiation-induced SG damage.

Potentiality of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regeneration of Sweat Glands

Sweat glands play some key roles in homeostasis maintenance and body temperature regulation. In full-thickness burn wounds, sweat glands cannot regenerate to form their three-dimensional organization via the division and terminal differentiation of sweat gland cells. However, the plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may offer the hope and potentiality to regenerate sweat glands after severe burn injury.

Use of adult marrow mesenchymal stem cells for regeneration of cardiomyocytes.

Bone marrow cells have been suggested to have multilineage plasticity including formation of cardiac tissue. We have established a cardiomyogenic (CMG) cell line from mouse bone marrow stromal cells that can be induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro by 5-azacytidine treatment. A number of lines of evidence confirm the cardiomyocyte characteristics of CMG cells.

SUBSTITUTES FOR AUTOLOGOUS BONE GRAFT IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volumeVol. 83-B, No. 1 Review ArticlesFree AccessSUBSTITUTES FOR AUTOLOGOUS BONE GRAFT IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMAJ. F. Keating, M. M. McQueenJ. F. KeatingConsultant Orthopaedic SurgeonSearch for more papers by this author, M. M. McQueenConsultant Orthopaedic SurgeonSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Jan 2001https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.83B1.0830003AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to FavouritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByMechanical properties and biocompatibility of MgO / Ca3(PO4)2 composite ceramic scaffold with high MgO content based on digital light processingCeramics International, Vol. 48, No. 15Sustained local ionic homeostatic imbalance caused by calcification modulates inflammation to trigger heterotopic ossificationActa Biomaterialia, Vol. 145Role of Implantable Drug Delivery Devices with Dual Platform Capabilities in the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Osteomyelitis6 February 2022 | Bioengineering, Vol. 9, No. 2Chitosan Covalently Functionalized with Peptides Mapped on Vitronectin and BMP-2 for Bone Tissue Engineering21 October 2021 | Nanomaterials, Vol. 11, No. 11FDA-approved bone grafts and bone graft substitute devices in bone regenerationMaterials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 130Clinical parameters and radiographic resorption of a novel magnesium based bone void fillerInjury, Vol. 42Valuation of angiogenesis in bovine xenografts implanted in intracorporal sites of rabbits as models of in-vivo bioreactors1 October 2021 | Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Vol. 73, No. 5In-Vivo Degradation Behavior and Osseointegration of 3D Powder-Printed Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds17 February 2021 | Materials, Vol. 14, No. 4Translational Studies of Nanofibers-Based Scaffold for Skin and Bone Tissue Regeneration9 April 2021Modified poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-based scaffolds in tissue engineering applications: A reviewInternational Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 166X-ray and macromorphological evaluation of reparative osteogenesis by implantation of hydroxyapatite composite doped with germanium24 November 2020 | Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, No. 2(160)Generation of rhBMP-2-induced juvenile ossicles in aged miceBiomaterials, Vol. 258Mechanical properties of graded scaffolds developed by curve interference coupled with selective laser sinteringMaterials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 116Effect of strontium-containing compounds on bone grafts14 February 2020 | Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 55, No. 15Gingival mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative source to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in regeneration of bone defects: In vivo studyTissue and Cell, Vol. 63Multimaterial Dual Gradient Three-Dimensional Printing for Osteogenic Differentiation and Spatial SegregationTissue Engineering Part A, Vol. 26, No. 5-6Alveolar bone grafting: Rationale and clinical applicationsImplants and grafts used in fractures for early healingJournal of Orthopaedics and Spine, Vol. 8, No. 1Use of a biphasic cement bone substitute in the management of metaphyseal fracturesJournal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma, Vol. 10, No. 4Osteoinduction and Osteoconduction with Porous Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Implanted after Fibular Resection in HumansJournal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 10, No. 03Development of three-dimensional printing polymer-ceramic scaffolds with enhanced compressive properties and tuneable resorptionMaterials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 93Nanotopographical cues of electrospun PLLA efficiently modulate non-coding RNA network to osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells during BMP signaling pathwayMaterials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 93The Induction of Bone Formation: The Translation Enigma7 June 2018 | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol. 6Magnesium-based bioceramics in orthopedic applicationsActa Biomaterialia, Vol. 66The effects of Anadara granosa shell-Stichopus hermanni on bFGF expressions and blood vessel counts in the bone defect healing process of Wistar rats30 December 2017 | Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi), Vol. 50, No. 4STUDY ON ROLE OF CORTICOCANCELLOUS GRAFT IN BONE DEFECTS CAUSED BY FRACTURES11 May 2017 | Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 38Decalcified allograft in repair of lytic lesions of bone: A study to evolve bone bank in developing countriesIndian Journal of Orthopaedics, Vol. 50, No. 4Polyphosphate: A Morphogenetically Active Implant Material Serving as Metabolic Fuel for Bone Regeneration15 May 2015 | Macromolecular Bioscience, Vol. 15, No. 9Hydroxyapatite crystals as a bone graft substitute in benign lytic lesions of boneIndian Journal of Orthopaedics, Vol. 49, No. 6Bone graft substitutes currently available in orthopaedic practiceThe evidence for their useT. 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